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Our Approach

Learning belongs to the learner; we do not measure, compare, or force learning – but we do celebrate, notice, observe, support, and document

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True collaboration and community foster comfort, growth, and autonomy for all.

Our Schoolhouse is a welcome place where families build trust, share the growth of their children, and develop a deep sense of belonging – sharing our experiences and knowledge help all of us make homeschooling more sustainable and successful.  Choosing to join our community is a first exercise in independence from conventional schools and their schedules and demands.

Our programs continue to offer and affirm the choices each family makes in their educational journey.

Our core principles, based on the core Montessori guiding principles, are listed below.

Principle 1: Authentic Montessori across all subjects

An authentic Montessori environment will have much of the same content learning as a conventional one – but the way in which that learning is achieved will be very different.  In our Schoolhouse, we embrace the full philosophy that supports the academic, social, and emotional development of the whole child.  This means that we work with the natural learning that we know occurs for children ages 6-12.

Children in this age range shift from following adults to thinking critically about the world around them.  To work with this and not against it, Montessori educators must create and maintain an environment in which children have access to content and tools that are a good match for their academic and personal development, children’s voices are heard and engaged (even when they’re not right – yet), clear boundaries are set and shared, and autonomy and ideas are respected.

You will rarely see us use methods of control or lecture to force learning.  Instead, you will notice that we provide opportunities for work cycles and meaningful engagement with hands-on tasks and materials.  We observe and think ourselves critically, allowing time and space for children to make mistakes and revisions, consider their impact, and adjust their thinking and approach.

The work of the Montessori teacher to ages 5-12 is quiet, but essential.  It is applying our own critical thinking, evaluation, discernment, and trust in the children as adults; so, the children can develop their own.

Principle 2: Multi-age groupings

Make the case for multi-age learning: children learn from older peers, teach younger peers, and work at their own pace rather than a grade-level pace. Reference the research base briefly. Note that this is fundamental to Montessori, not a workaround for small enrollment.

Multi-age learning is a fundamental aspect of the Montessori and Dandelion approaches.  We have yet to meet two children who follow the same pathways for all learning – and multi-age settings affirm the dynamic pathways that all humans experience.

Rather than experiencing learning in the same-age or same-grade silos as conventional schools are designed for, our students get to learn with a diverse group of peers and with diverse content.  Learners are not pushed and pulled along the same pathway, the pathways are open and ready for them – and so are peers to learn with and from.

Our environment is designed for K-8 learning for ages 5-12, and we allow and support dynamic groups so that children can find peers and tools for meaningful learning together, both in the classroom and on the playground!

Principle 3: Self-directed learning

Explain self-direction in a Montessori context: kids choose their work within a structured, prepared environment, and educators guide, observe, and present new lessons. Distinguish it from “unschooling” (which has no prepared environment) and from conventional school (which has no choice).

Self-directed opportunities for learning are most clearly observed in two elements intentionally included in all Dandelion meetings: Open Play and Montessori Work-Cycles.

Times for Open Play outdoors are a launch pad for interpersonal and natural connections among our members.  While outdoors, children interact with each other,  with our extensive loose parts and outdoor learning collection, and in the garden, natural play area, and playground.   We find that giving children ample time together outdoors and with thoughtful materials reduces anxiety, creates authentic experiences with harmony and conflict,  elevates communication, presents novel and repeating season opportunities for learning, and results in more focused and effective collaborative efforts during our more academically centered working cycles.

Uninterrupted work-cycles are another fundamental Montessori practice that we apply with fidelity in our Schoolhouse.  Our work cycles occur in our classroom, with prepared Menus and materials for K-8 in all subject areas.  They begin with planning, then time for focused, personalized learning with teachers and other children, and close with reflection.  It is during these cycles that both academic and personal growth can be readily noticed and fostered in our prepared environment, by teachers, and with other children.

Principle 4: Peace education

Describe peace education as actual academic content: conflict resolution, community service, emotional literacy, cultural understanding. Reference Dandelion’s partnership with Kids for Peace. Note that peace education is a Montessori tradition (Maria Montessori was a peace advocate) — not a recent add-on.

Peace Education is a traditional element of a Montessori education and, we believe, a critical part of self-directed learning environments like ours.   You’ll notice Peace Education evidence in our daily practices as well as in Kids for Peace club efforts!

While conventional settings often rely heavily on rewards and punishments, control, and rule enforcement, placing responsibility for recognizing right and wrong and exercising control in the hands of adults, a true Montessori setting like ours will avoid these practices and instead provide freedom within clear limits, actively model grace and courtesy, provide peace education,  foster self-regulation, and allow natural consequences..  This gives children supported opportunities to develop their own self-discipline, discernment, responsibility, and skills for navigating the full spectrum of harmony and conflict, both for themselves and with the people around them.

While Peace Education practices are embedded in all that we do with children, they are also highlighted in our efforts with our local Kids for Peace club.  Kids for Peace club teachings, meetings, and actions are embedded in our weekly menus as well as Montessori Schoolhouse and STEAM Project Labs.

We also share community service projects each season with an Annual Food Drive for the Tri-Area Food Pantry each fall, sponsoring a Local Family for Winter Holidays, visiting Seniors and throwing a Fundraiser Dance for Valentine’s Day, a Spring Stream Cleanup, and Homeschool Field Day in May!

Principle 5: Radical inclusion

Explain what “radical inclusion” looks like day-to-day: neurodivergent learners, twice-exceptional learners, learners from diverse cultural and family backgrounds, and learners whose previous schools didn’t fit. Note that our multi-age, self-directed, prepared-environment model accommodates these learners by design rather than by accommodation. Question: what’s one example of how our model serves a kind of learner who struggles in conventional school?

Radical inclusion means all serve all, all affirm all, and all interact with all in our community.   With these expectations in place, we establish norms and shared understanding that mirrors what we see in thriving ecosystems and wild meadows. Diversity in all forms strengthens our community and creates meaningful opportunities for all of us.

Our multi-age, self-directed, prepared-environment model accommodates all learners by design. We know our students needs, intentionally prepare our space, our expectations, our resources, and ourselves to provide every opportunity for connection and belonging across and within age groups, levels of academic readiness, (dis)abilities, cultures (including family), school experiences, interests, skills, experiences, and personalities.

To name a specific example, our Schoolhouse is prepared for children ages 5-12 with content for kindergarten to eighth grade, this eliminates grade and age-level silos as well as impersonal expectations and demands that are created in conventional schools where classrooms are prepared only for narrow grade and age levels – and not for kids that are ahead of or behind their peers in specific areas. Our model welcomes and provides access to matched peers and instruction regardless of chronological age and ability.  This creates meaningful entry points and opportunities for both interpersonal and academic connections and development for all.

Principle 6:  Home-like setting

A key aspect of our approach is the home-like setting that we create at the Dandelion Schoolhouse.    This provides children and families with comfort that allows for authentic play and work experiences that also make sense in real life.

We keep cozy nooks, meeting tables, and simple journals.   We do not have desks in rows or one:one devices for students.

We have a lovely playspace with loose parts and all sorts of materials for imaginative play and exploration through building.   We do not have a plastic, mega playground with hyper-specific rules for how to play.

We care for a garden, plant wildflowers, and climb trees.    We don’t have a curated lawn or 40 acres of fields to tend.

Our class pets are animals, not people, and we don’t have livestock or a big barn.  Our priority is knowing and celebrating each child and family.

Learning belongs to the learner; we do not measure, compare, or force learning.

A few things we don’t do include: grades, standardized testing as a primary measure, age-segregated classes, mandatory homework, lecture-based instruction, ranking and competition, and artificial or adult-controlled rewards and consequences. Frame each as a deliberate philosophical choice.

Remember, our educators also have extensive experience in conventional schools. We were trained in and can support children in transitioning from conventional school experiences.   We could choose conventional settings and have been “successful” in them, but we instead choose to offer self-directed and supported opportunities – and see that they yield better, more meaningful learning for children and promote shared responsibility and growth.

We don’t give grades.

We agree with scholars such as Alfie Kohn and Peter Gray, and, of course,  Dr. Maria Montessori, in opposing the use of grades in childhood.   Grades have been demonstrated to decrease motivation, reduce deep thinking, shift power to evaluators, induce shame and cheating, increase comparison and cynicism, and disconnect love/self from performance.  Anecdotally, we have witnessed these things happen in conventional classrooms – and see them not happening in our Schoolhouse.  Think back to your own experience: do you also find this to be true?  Instead, we provide lots of observation and support, create portfolio records, notice progress and offer next steps, and celebrate everyone’s interest and personal best.

We don’t participate in common standardized assessments.

While, as homeschoolers, we are required to participate in these tests, we are not required to report their outcomes to the state, or to our children for that matter.  These tests are completed in individual homeschools.  We believe that the outcomes of these tests can be helpful and support us in selecting and interpreting the information they yield. Placing high value on these assessments creates false pressure on kids to conform and participate in a race that they haven’t signed up for.

We do not segregate by age.

This is a key component of our policy and practice – and, we believe, the most effective difference between us and conventional programs.  Although this has become standard in conventional schools, it simply does not work for individuals within a group – no collection of people of the same age is ready for learning in lockstep – and certainly not ready for learning in math, reading, art, science, socially, and in all areas in lockstep together.   Our groupings are multi-age and flexible; this means that kids can always find peers for interest, ability – or whatever they’re looking for – and they might not always be the same age.

We do not assign specific adult “assistants” to any child.

Yes, many children with different (dis)abilities benefit from direct adult support, and we are happy to provide that by adding additional adult members to the team when needed – but, instead of keeping a static 1:1 person in place, our staff relentlessly role-shares and reevaluates staffing each month.   Think of teammates on a field of play; we take turns, trade out, and provide consistent, warm support for every child during our meetings.  This ensures that the right amount of support to promote autonomy and independence is provided and ensures that each child gets to develop their own sense of belonging and identity within a dynamic group.

We don’t give mandatory assignments or homework.

Dr. Montessori’s guidance, numerous scholars’ work, and our own experiences have strengthened our understanding that meaningful learning is rarely achieved by force.  Think back to your own childhood: aside from assignments that you personally were interested in and/or intrinsically motivated to complete, what do you recall learning from homework?    We offer children many high-quality learning opportunities, invite them in, provide support and feedback, ensure that they have balanced experiences, and notice and trust that they are learning and growing every day.

We do not employ artificial or adult-controlled rewards and consequences.

Conventional settings often rely heavily on rewards and punishments, control, and rule enforcement, placing responsibility for recognizing right and wrong and exercising control in the hands of adults.  This is seen in programs that practice parties for good behavior, awards, classroom stoplights or clip systems, demerits, detention, ranking, competition, and other external, enforced methods of control and influence.

A setting like ours, invested in self-direction and Montessori practice, will provide freedom within clear limits, actively model grace and courtesy, provide peace education, foster self-regulation, and allow natural consequences. This gives children supported opportunities to develop their own self-discipline, discernment,  responsibility, and skills for navigating the full spectrum of harmony and conflict both for themselves and with the people around them.    You’ll notice that our setting is peaceful and busy.  Unlike a conventional classroom with desks in rows and extended time in seats, we encourage children to move around the room and interact with both classmates and learning materials provided.

We Don’t Operate Like A Traditional School Setting

We know that, for most of us, it can be difficult to imagine an alternative to conventional schools. The best we can say is to imagine how you wish your household or a very effective workplace ran – in a natural rhythm, with balance, patience, kind words, gratitude, mutual respect (even when you don’t agree).  The expectations are clear, and experiences are authentic and natural.   These settings, like children, are imperfect but safe and offer opportunities for learning, trust in the goodness of human nature, celebrate growth, and foster peace.

We don’t have desks in rows and avoid lectures with this age-grouping, as we do not believe they are a developmental match.   We consider examples of whole group participation or cooperation to be important “moments to visit” but not “places to stay.”   Yes, we wish for children to be confident when in situations where they are asked to sit and listen, stand in line, raise their hands, and take turns – and, as members of a group, we practice them – but we don’t practice them all day long.

Whole-group moments are meaningful and natural parts of our transitions, planning, and times to ensure that all members of the group have access to important, shared information.  Otherwise, children actively work and learn together during periods of open play, work cycles, lunch club, or project labs.

The Research Behind Our Approach

Both Self-Directed Learning and Montessori practices are consistently shown by research to provide learning environments that create a powerful foundation for personal and academic success for all learners.

  • Overarching outcomes of academic research demonstrate
  • Lower stress levels in children
  • Greater ability to navigate interpersonal relationships, fewer behavioral concerns
  • Higher motivation
  • More consistent engagement/service in communities
  • Equivalent or advanced performance on measures of academic achievement

In short, research demonstrates that kids who participate in Self-Directed and Montessori learning environments are happier, more adaptable, better communicators, show greater adaptability and connectedness, and are academically successful throughout their lifetimes.

Head Start Advantages Mostly Gone by 3rd Grade, Study Finds

Lesli A. Maxwell, 2012

Academic Performance Index declines for the first time in a decade

Kathryn Baron, 2013

While Head Start and other early academic learning programs in the US often produce high academic scores in early years, research like is showing that scores tend to level out around third grade.   Also noted, children in these programs are reported by their teachers to have challenges with behavior, motivation, and relationships with teachers and peers in the classroom.

Children’s hair cortisol as a biomarker of stress at school entry

Marleen G. Groeneveld,Harriet J. Vermeer,Mariëlle Linting,Gerard Noppe,Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum & Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, 2013

Children’s hair cortisol as a biomarker of stress at school: a follow-up study

Marleen G. Groeneveld,Mesut Savas, Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum & Harriet J. Vermeer, 2020

You may have heard of studies such as these that demonstrate that children’s cortisol (stress hormone) levels spike upon entering conventional kindergarten.  A more recent follow-up shows a second jump in third grade, a time when high-stakes tests are often introduced in classrooms.

Differences in the development of creative competencies in children schooled in diverse learning environments

Besançon, M., & Lubart, T., 2008

This group explored development of both creativity and academics in conventional and Montessori settings.  Turns out, children in Montessori settings had equivalent academic skills and also demonstrated higher levels of creativity than children in conventional schools.

Academic achievement outcomes: A comparison of Montessori and non-Montessori public elementary school students.

Journal of Elementary Education

Mallett, J. D., & Schroeder, J. L. 2015

In this study, the achievement of first to fifth-graders from traditional and Montessori schools on nationally normed assessments (such as the IOWA test, which many of us took as grade schoolers) was compared.  While there was no statistically significant difference in achievement for grades 1-3, Montessori students outscored their traditional school counterparts in both Reading and Math for grades 4 and 5.

Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius.

Angeline Lillard, PhD2005, 2017

Dr. Lillard has conducted cognitive-developmental psychology research since the early 90s.  She often pops up as a member of research teams and has explored the Montessori method as a scientist for many years.  In this book, now in its 3rd edition, Dr. Lillard details Dr. Montessori’s theories and connects them to modern research and applications.

The Secret of Childhood

Dr. Maria Montessori, 1936

One of Dr. Montessori’s foundational texts.  This includes her understanding of planes of development, the Absorbent Mind, Sensitive Periods, the Prepared Environment,

Normalization, and the role of  the Guide.   Many more texts from Dr. Montessori are in our library, but we consider this to be essential.

Teach Like Finland

Timothy  Walker, 2017

Finland underwent a major educational reform in the 1960-70s and is now seen as a leader in both measures of happiness and academics.  This book provides an overview of the changes put into place that have now been tested and provided.  Key topics:  efforts that promote well-being, belonging, autonomy, mastery, and freedom.

Balanced and Barefoot

Angela Hanscomb, 2016

Angela Hanscomb is a pediatric occupational therapist who recognized that, as technology and other passive experiences began to dominate childhood experiences, her clients’ needs began to increase as well.   In this text, Handscomb details how essential outdoor play and experiences are to developing sensory, motor, and executive functions in childhood.

How Children Learn

John Holt, 1976

John Holt is another prolific writer whose observations of children and their learning offer valuable insight into self-directed approaches.  If we had to pick just one to read, this is it.   Core insights that align with our practice:  natural learning, the work/play fallacy, fear as a limiter to performance, and unschooling as a legitimate approach to learning.

Free to Learn:  Why Unleashing the Instinct to Play Will Make Our Children Happier, More Self-Reliant, and Better Students for Life

Peter Gray, 2013, 2018

Peter Gray is a developmental psychologist and an active advocate for play-based learning.  This book outlines key elements of play and its functions, and explores methods of self-directed learning as a foundation for promoting healthy personal success and achievement throughout a lifetime.

Punished By Rewards

Alfie Kohn, 1993, 1999, 2018

You may think that the use of gold stars doesn’t merit an entire text, but we’d disagree.  They just became so normal that we started to ignore them.  In this book, Alfie Kohn argues that rewards result in – temporary compliance, focus on reward instead of task or learning, and destruction of curiosity – and, next to what we’ve observed, he’s pretty convincing.   From this text, we also learn what to do about it – provide choice, collaboration, and quality content – and we love the results for all of us!

Raising Free People: Unschooling as Liberation and Healing Work

Akilah S. Richards, 2020

Unfortunately, females and people of color are often grossly under-represented in the field of educational reform.  In this key text, Akilah S. Richards explores how her personal experiences, relationships to diversity, decolonization, and healing work combine to enable community healing and repair when rooted in unschooling practice.  We appreciate her insight and guidance as we work to create communities that honor the gifts that choice, freedom, celebration, and perspective create for children, childhood, and humanity.

The Case Against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money

Bryan Caplan, 2018

An economist’s take on the modern education system, Bryan Caplan argues that most academic knowledge is useless in the workforce and that our schools and curriculum are used as a filter to prove worth to employers, that diplomas signal compliance and conformity, and that funding for schools is economic waste that could be better used for the common good.

Dumbing Us Down: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling

John Taylor Gatto, 1990, 2000, 2018

After thirty years teaching in New York City’s public schools, John Taylor Gatto determined that compulsory schooling does little to teach young people other than  to “follow orders like cogs in an industrial machine.”  He published many texts, but this is the foundation of his argument – and it includes a lot of alternatives that we work to apply.   John Taylor Gatto passed away in 2018.  We wonder what he would have to say about the technological revolution as we’re living it today.